Este trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar el carácter dialéctico de la refutación al eleatismo en Física I, 2-3. En primer lugar, se argumenta que la dialéctica aristotélica puede llegar a constituir un método de investigación científica, ya que permite esclarecer los principios de una ciencia particular. En segundo lugar, se muestra que la refutación al eleatismo en Física I 2-3 solo se justifica en el marco de una argumentación dialéctica, ya que esta refutación constituye un método de esclarecimiento de los (...) principios de la física. (shrink)

This paper aims to expose and analyze the Aristotelian interpretation of Parmenides’ philosophy. In the first place, the refutation of Parmenides’ monism in Phys. I 2-3 is analyzed. Then a series of relevant passages from the corpus are commented in which Aristotle refers both to the ontology and cosmology of Parmenides and to his methodology of philosophical investigation. It is proposed a compatibilist interpretation of the Aristotelian reading of Parmenides, according to which the latter would have affirmed the unity and (...) immobility of reality according to concept and its changing plurality according to sensory perception. While the Platonic influence on certain aspects of the Aristotelian interpretation is evident, this is not a mere reception and repetition of Plato‘s reading. Indeed, Aristotle seems to have understood Parmenides’s thought from a methodological distinction operating in Phys. I 5. (shrink)

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a parallel crisis emerged in the form of an “infodemic,” where misinformation proliferated through social media at an unprecedented scale. This article delves into the evolving landscape of reliable and misinformation sources reporting on the pandemic, examining their communication dynamics. Leveraging a comprehensive data set encompassing 437,832 news published online by media organizations from January 2020 to December 2021, I employ structural change analysis and network-based natural language processing to explore these dynamics. The findings illuminate the (...) contrasting approaches adopted by reliable sources, which prioritize scientific discourse, and misinformation, which exhibits high topic volatility—rapid change in the focus—suggesting that misinformation sources frequently shift their attention to different topics. Notably, this highlights a deliberate strategy employed by misinformation purveyors, that is, creating false crises without authoritative resolutions, thereby fostering a sense of lack of control, chaos, and uncertainty. Furthermore, the sentiment and morality analysis of COVID-19 news reveal that reliable news tends to maintain a balanced and neutral tone, while misinformation often exhibits a highly negative and morally charged narrative. These results carry significant implications for devising effective social countermeasures against misinformation at various stages of the pandemic. (shrink)

Se expone cr.ticamente una interpretación reciente del hedonismo epic.reo, según la cual este podr.a comprenderse como hedonismo actitudinal. Esta lectura conlleva ciertas tensiones internas y descuida el sentido fundamental del epicure.smo, esto es, que se trata de una teor.a del bienestar prudencial. Al examinar solo este aspecto, se omiten ciertos problemas secundarios, como la legitimidad de interpretar de manera actitudinal una doctrina asentada en el atomismo.

From the analysis of the Wave 5 National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey 2021 dataset, the study conducted in South Africa, we developed a model of analysis based on three dimensions, namely, subjective well-being, material living conditions, and importance attributed to education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analysis of the data for Gauteng area indicates that the dimension of subjective well-being of families in South Africa—even in relation to the factors such as conditions of deprivation —does (...) not necessarily influence the importance the respondents attach to their children’s education, this as reflected in whether or not they send them to school when COVID-19 restrictions allowed for schools to come back to face-to-face teaching. Subjective well-being of parents and guardians is, however, a predictor of concern about their children’s education and future. Our working hypothesis is that, although there is little evidence that subjective well-being has a significant association with the respondents’ willingness for their children to continue their schooling, there is a significant indirect effect of subjective well-being—which is especially determined by the gender as well as of the living material conditions—and the greater or lesser importance that the respondents attribute to their children’s education. Likewise, and in more general terms, subjective well-being is clearly related to gender, with women having the lowest levels of subjective well-being. (shrink)

This book introduces readers to central concepts and ideas in Mexican philosophy. Couched in stories and anecdotes from the author's life, the book offers these concepts and ideas as orientations, recommendations, or exhortation for navigating today's world. The structure and the style of the book aims at making these accessible to both specialists and non-specialist or anyone who may have had some experience with contemporary forms of marginalization, alienation, objectification, or any of the various forms of dread and accidentality familiar (...) to modern life. This, the author thinks, is most of us. Narrowing down the scope of the tradition, the author draws from the history of Mexican philosophy in the 20th century, as it is at this time that Mexican philosophy comes into its own. The book begins with two short introductions, one is an introduction philosophy in Mexico, the other to Mexican philosophy. Here, readers are introduced to Alfonso de la Veracruz, who offered the first philosophy course in the Americas in 1540 in the monastery of a small town in Michoacán, Mexico. From there, it presents four main themes from Mexican philosophy that recur in the philosophical literature. The remainder of the book serves as a "guide" for living a better, more fulfilling life. The main characters in what the author considers an uncontroversial retelling of Mexican philosophy are Antonio Caso, Samuel Ramos, Emilio Uranga, Leopoldo Zea, Jorge Portilla, Rosario Castellanos, Elsa Cecilia Frost, and, of course, persons in the author's own life. (shrink)

The purpose of the paper is to present a logical framework that allow to formalize a kind of prima facie duties, defeasible conditional duties, indefeasible conditional duties and actual (indefeasible) duties, as well as to show their logical interconnections.

Resenha do livro “Raízes do Conservadorismo brasileiro: a abolição na imprensa e no imaginário social”, escrito por Juremir Machado da Silva e publicado pela Editora Civilização Brasileira em 2017.

Cet article propose une interprétation de la philosophie de la Nouvelle Académie différente de celle qui a été défendue par J. Annas. Il nous semble que la prise en compte de l'ensemble des témoignages concernant cette école suggère une réalité plus complexe que celle que recouvre le concept de scepticisme, au moins dans sa version néopyrrhonienne. Nous croyons qu'Arcésilas et Carnéade n'ont pas délimité un Platon sceptique, mais qu'ils ont accepté à leur manière l'ensemble de l'héritage platonicien. La force de (...) la tradition apparaît donc plus forte dans l'histoire de l'Académie que ne l'admettent généralement les interprètes. The purpose of this article is to give an interpretation of the New Academy's philosophy quite different from the one defended by J. Annas. In our opinion the reading of the whole testimonies relating to this school suggests a greater complexity than what is embraced by the concept of skepticism, at least in its neopyrrhonian version. We believe that Arcesilas and Carneades, instead of confining Plato whithin the limits of skepticism, have accepted - in their own way - the whole Platonician legacy. Thus the burden of tradition seems more important in the history of the Academy than it is generally admitted. (shrink)

Resumen: Este artículo sostiene que la regla en el mundo social es el cambio, en todas las escalas de tiempo, sin ciclos ni periodicidades. Por consiguiente, el tema que emerge inmediatamente es la irregularidad del mundo. Si esto es cierto, deben ser posibles unas ciencias sociales irregulares. El mejor antecedente para una idea semejante se encuentra en la comprensión del propio Mandelbrot acerca de los fractales y multifractales. Las ciencias sociales tratan radicalmente, de fenómenos irrepetibles, singulares. Estos han sido llamados (...) como eventos raros. De esta suerte, una nueva epistemología emerge y es posible. Al final se muestra que existen nexos fuertes entre las ciencias sociales con la biología y la ecología. Pero en ese punto, el texto termina abierto.: This paper claims that change is the rule in the social world, in all scales of time, without cycles or periodic dynamics. Hereafter, the topic that immediately arises is the irregularity of the world. If this is true, then irregular social sciences are to be possible. The best antecedent of such an idea is to be found in Mandelbrot’s own understanding of fractals and multifractals. Thus, the social sciences radically deal with phenomena that are in no way repeated, for they are singular. Such events have been called as rare events. In thus tenure, a brand-new epistemology arises and is possible. At the end, some connections between the social sciences and biology and ecology are depicted. That, however, is where this text ends and remains open. (shrink)

No cartesianismo contemporâneo, devido à retomada da teoria da livre criação das verdades eternas, alguns intérpretes trazem ao debate internacional um interessante viés interpretativo do pensamento de Descartes. Segundo eles, ao apresentar a indiferença da vontade como atributo de Deus, Descartes instaura uma concepção totalmente perigosa, da qual derivam a incompatibilidade entre a indiferença divina e o sistema cartesiano, deflagrando, enfim, um irracionalismo radical.

¿Cuál es la distancia mínima entre autor y obra? ¿Pueden unos números sucesivos trazados en un lienzo convertirse en el testimonio de una existencia? Estas y otras muchas preguntas emergen cuando se analizan las obras del pintor polaco Roman Opalka. Su proyecto OPALKA 1965/1-∞ constituye un hito en el arte contemporáneo por su intención de explorar la representabilidad de la duración del tiempo y del ser en su carácter existencial en relación a la muerte. La extrema longitud del proyecto, desarrollado (...) durante más de cuatro décadas, así como su aparente precariedad formal encierran un mensaje pleno de potencia que cuestiona la relación que tenemos con nuestra propia vida. (shrink)

A fauna sul-americana evolveu durante dezenas de milhões de anos em isolamento dos outros continentes. Isso conferiu-lhe um carácter muito particular, comprovado pelo enorme número de táxones endémicos da divisão biogeográfica em que se inclue o sub-continente – Região Neotropical.Quando os descobridores e colonizadores abordaram e foram penetrando no Brasil, no século XVI e seguintes, deparou-se-lhes uma fauna – abundante na época –, diversificada e estranha ao seu conhecimento da fauna europeia, quando muito também de algumas espécies asiáticas e africanas. (...) As tendências reveladas pelos ‘colonizadores-naturalistas’ na descrição dessa fauna foram diferentes. Uns denominaram-na como se de espécies europeias ou africanas se tratasse. Outros reconheceram a sua originalidade, adoptando a nomenclatura etnobiológica dos Índios, a qual reproduziram em sons da língua portuguesa. Pêro de Magalhães Gândavo, o primeiro português a produzir obra impressa em que se descreve a fauna brasílica, seguiu ambas as vias, conforme os casos. É do seu relato, publicado em 1576, que se apresentam e comentam alguns excertos neste artigo.South American biodiversity evolved for tens of million years in isolation. A most special composition of its fauna and flora has been the result of such an isolation period, the number of endemic taxa being very large. Biogeographers soon recognized the singularity of South America, including this sub-continent in a biogeographical division of the highest rank - the Neotropical Region. When Portuguese discoverers and explorers, from the 16th century on, passed into Brazil, they found a diversified and exotic fauna quite different from the European or African ones that they eventually knew. Some of them, namely jesuits and other educated people, described the most common or conspicuous species, indicating the main edible or dangerous properties of each one. Ethnobiological nomenclature or the common names of the closer European or African species have been applied by those ‘naturalists’. The first of them recording his observations and speculations on a printed book was Pêro de Magalhães Gândavo, who lived in Brazil for a few years before 1561. Comments on his interesting book, entitled História da Província de Santa Cruz, are presented in this paper. (shrink)

La fenomenolgía pura y el Husserl definitivo.--La disertación doctoral de Marx y las raíces de la ideología.

Este artículo analiza la potencia desestabilizadora de la gramática política de la Educación Sexual Integral y su posibilidad de gestar en las escuelas espacios incluyentes en un contexto socio-cultural conservador. Se describe la puesta en acto de la ESI en una provincia del Noroeste Argentino a través de datos relevados en la consulta a estudiantes efectuadas por el Operativo Aprender en 2019 y registros cualitativos de trabajo de campo en escuelas que acogen sujetos de la diversidad sexo-genérica.

It is proposed that subconscious retro-predictions in conjunction with brain state update cycles are instrumental in the physiological generation of conscious sensations and perceptions, and in all abstract thought. In this paper the hypothesis is supported by conducting a detailed a re-evaluation of the self-referential statements in Set Theory and Formal Logic known as antinomies. This study concludes that the recursive behavior exhibited by abstract enigmas such as "Russell’s Paradox" is analogous to the oscillations typical of bistable perceptual phenomena.